Animal Nutrition Quiz 5

The stomach contains gastric juice which has a pH of 2.

Hepatic vein carries blood away from the liver, hepatic artery carries blood from the heart to the liver; and the hepatic portal vein carries blood from the stomach and intestines to the liver.

Protease functions best in the stomach, which has an acidic environment. Amylase is most active in alkaline environment, hence the small intestine.

Pepsin works most efficiently at an optimum pH of 2. The stomach has dilute hydrochloric acid, which provides an acidic medium for pepsin to digest proteins.

The rhythmic contractions and relaxation of the muscles in the wall of the alimentary canal results in peristalsis which is responsible for the movement of food along the alimentary canal. To push the bolus forward, region X must constrict. This can be achieved by contracting the circular muscles and relaxing the longitudinal muscles.

Muscle X is the longitudinal muscles (found on the outside of the wall of the gut).

Muscle Y is the circular muscles (found on the inside of the wall of the gut)

At region W, the wall of the gut constricts to push food bolus forward. To achieve this, the circular muscles contract while the longitudinal muscle relax.

Structure 1 is the salivary glands.

Structure 2 is the stomach.

Structure 3 is the pancreas.

Structure 4 is the ileum.

Structure 5 is the descending colon.

Amylase is the enzyme that breaks down starch to maltose. Salivary gland secretes salivary amylase and pancreas secretes pancreatic amylase to digest starch.

Where oxygen is required, the process of absorption of products is active transport. In the absence of oxygen, the process of absorption of products is diffusion. The amount of fatty acids and glycerol absorbed in the presence or absence of oxygen is almost the same, which means active transport is not significantly involved.

Acidic conditions are present in the stomach. Proteases act in this low pH environment. In a more alkaline solution, its activity is reduced or halted.

Most of the digested substances are absorbed in the small intestine. Peptones are broken down to amino acids in the small intestine.

The hepatic portal vein transports sugars from the intestines to the liver. The level of glucose would depend on the food intake and digestion process.