Animal Nutrition Quiz 3

Physical digestion occur during chewing action when the teeth cuts and grinds food into smaller pieces and mixes them with saliva.

This process is known as mastication. Chemical digestion occur when salivary amylase present in the saliva acts on starch in the food and breaks them down into maltose.

Food digestion can occur only in the alimentary canal .Liver is not part of alimentary canal and hence no digestion occurs in liver . The kidneys are responsible for formation of urine. Live regulates blood glucose concentration by converting extra glucose to glycogen. It is involved in the breaking down of hemoglobin from red blood cells.

Food in the mouth undergoes mechanical digestion as well as a form of chemical digestion. Salivary amylase reduce starch to maltose while mechanical digestion physically breaks the food down to increase its surface area for  enzyme action.

Liver breaks down excess amino acids into urea and hemoglobin from red blood cells into iron and bile pigments. Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver. Starch is the storage form of carbohydrate in plants.

Label A: mouth. Explanation: Ingestion and carbohydrate digestion only. Saliva contains salivary amylase that digests starch.

Label B: stomach. Explanation: Protein digestion only. The gastric juice contains pepsin that digest protein and rennin that converts caseinogen into insoluble casein. Food normally remains in the stomach for about three to four hours before passing into the duodenum.

Label C: ileum. Explanation: protein, carbohydrates, and fat digestion.

Label D: rectum. Explanation: No digestion occurs here, faeces are stored temporarily in the rectum.

The walls of the alimentary canal are made up of circular and longitudinal muscles responsible for peristalsis (a series of rhythmic wave-like contractions that push food further down alimentary canal). To force the food along ,the part behind the bolus should be constricted .This can be achieved by contracting circular and relaxing longitudinal muscles.

Only in small intestine are fats and proteins digestion found. The small intestine has an alkaline pH of 8. Fats are digested by lipase, while proteins are digested by protease.

Lipase is in pancreatic juice produced by the pancreas and transported to the duodenum by the pancreatic duct. Lipase digest fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Lipase digest the fats into fatty acid and glycerol.

liver converts excess glucose and glycogen and not amino acids, for storage 

Alcohol is detoxified by the liver. Too much alcohol consumptions causes liver damage. Alcohol also sup-presses the brain which leads to an increased in reaction time and reduces self control.